Jump to content

Sargodha

Coordinates: 32°5′1″N 72°40′16″E / 32.08361°N 72.67111°E / 32.08361; 72.67111
Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the district, see Sargodha District. For other uses, see Sargodha (disambiguation).

Sargodha
سرگودھا
Metropolis
Clockwise from top:
 Mushaf Ali Mir Chowk (Intersection), Central Library, Shaheen Enclave, University of Sargodha
Nickname(s): 
City of Eagles,[2] California of Pakistan[3]
Sargodha is located in Punjab, Pakistan
Sargodha
Sargodha
Sargodha is located in Pakistan
Sargodha
Sargodha
Sargodha is located in Asia
Sargodha
Sargodha
Coordinates: 32°5′1″N 72°40′16″E / 32.08361°N 72.67111°E / 32.08361; 72.67111
Country Pakistan
ProvincePunjab, Pakistan Punjab
DivisionSargodha[1]
DistrictSargodha
Founded1903[4]
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • BodyMetropolitan Corporation Sargodha
 • MayorVacant[5]
 • Administrator[7]Muhammad Jahanzeb Awan (BPS-20 PAS)[6]
Area
[8]
 • City
155 km2 (60 sq mi)
Elevation
[9]
190 m (620 ft)
Population
 (2023)[10][11]
 • City
975,886
 • Rank11th, Pakistan
 • Density6,300/km2 (16,000/sq mi)
 • Demonym
Sargodhian
Time zoneUTC+5 (PKT)
Postal code
40100[12]
Dialling code048[13]
Number of union councils60[14]
Number of towns59
Websitesargodha.punjab.gov.pk

Sargodha (Punjabi / Urdu: سرگودھا; Punjabi pronunciation: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu pronunciation: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in Punjab province, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th largest city by population[15] and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country.[16] Sargodha is also known as the City of Eagles.[2]

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).[17]

History

Sargodha was established by the British as a canal-colony in 1903, and was initially spelled Sargoda.[18] Sargodha was badly affected by an outbreak of the bubonic plague in 1903, and experienced a milder outbreak in 1904.[19] Although it was a small town in the beginning, the British Royal Air Force built an airport here due to its strategic location.[20] The term "Sargodha" has its origin in the words "Sar" (from "sarowar") meaning "pond" and "Godha" meaning "Sadhu", which means "Pond of Godha". This city was founded by Lady Trooper by the supervision of Sir Charles Montgomery Rivaz KCSI (1845 – 7 October 1926), a colonial administrator in British India and Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab from 1902 to 1907.[17] Being the District Headquarters since 1940, Sargodha was given the status of Divisional Headquarters in 1960.[21]

Geography

Location

Location and distance of Sargodha with respect to five major cities of Pakistan is as follow:

Sargodha is situated in Pakistani province of Punjab. It is located 187 kilometres (116 mi) northwest of Lahore, in Sargodha District.[23] It lies about 48 kilometres (30 miles) from the M-2 motorway, which connects Lahore and Islamabad. It is connected to the M-2 by several interchanges at different locations. Sargodha is roughly 91 km (57 mi) from Faisalabad, due southeast.[25] Directly east connected by the M-2 motorway are Lahore and the route to Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Due east is the city of Jhang; toward the west are the city of Mianwali and the Chashma Barrage.

Topography

Sargodha mainly comprises flat, fertile plains, although here are a few small hills along the Sargodha-Faisalabad Road. The River Jhelum flows on the western and northern sides, and the River Chenab on the eastern side of the city.[27] The city is located 190 metres above sea level.[28]

Climate

The city has a climate of extreme heat in the summers and moderate cold in the winters. The maximum temperature reaches 50 °C (122 °F) in the summer while the minimum temperature recorded is as low as freezing point in the winter.

Climate data for Sarghoda (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.6
(65.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		27.6
(81.7) 		34.1
(93.4) 		39.6
(103.3) 		40.7
(105.3) 		37.7
(99.9) 		36.6
(97.9) 		35.7
(96.3) 		32.8
(91.0) 		26.9
(80.4) 		21.6
(70.9) 		31.2
(88.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 11.8
(53.2) 		15.2
(59.4) 		20.6
(69.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		32.0
(89.6) 		34.0
(93.2) 		32.7
(90.9) 		31.9
(89.4) 		30.2
(86.4) 		25.4
(77.7) 		19.2
(66.6) 		14.0
(57.2) 		24.5
(76.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.7
(56.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		24.5
(76.1) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.7
(81.9) 		27.2
(81.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		18.7
(65.7) 		11.5
(52.7) 		6.2
(43.2) 		17.8
(64.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18.9
(0.74) 		28.3
(1.11) 		38.5
(1.52) 		37.2
(1.46) 		28.9
(1.14) 		56.1
(2.21) 		131.6
(5.18) 		94.1
(3.70) 		56.1
(2.21) 		12.1
(0.48) 		4.6
(0.18) 		8.9
(0.35) 		515.3
(20.29)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 2.9 3.9 4.5 4.5 3.7 4.6 6.7 5.4 3.8 1.5 0.8 1.0 43.3
Source: NOAA[29]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1941 36,000—    
1951 78,000+116.7%
1961 130,000+66.7%
1972 200,000+53.8%
1981 291,000+45.5%
1998 458,440+57.5%
2017 872,557+90.3%
2023975,886+11.8%

The total population of the city was 458,440[30] according to the 1998 census. The majority of the people in the city speak Punjabi with Shahpuri dialect.[20] According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population of city was recorded as 872,557 with a rise of 43.94% from 1998. The population of the metropolitan area (City District) reached 3,903,588, in which around 1 million forms the urban population.[31] The population of Sargodha Division was recorded as 8,181,499 by the 2017 Census of Pakistan.

Religious groups in Sargodha City (1911−2023)[a]
Religious
group 		1911[33]: 23 [34]: 19  1921[35]: 25 [36]: 21  1931[37]: 26  1941[32]: 32  2017[38] 2023[39]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 4,064 45.93% 6,967 39.3% 9,146 34.18% 12,060 33.11% 623,293 94.7% 1,001,238 95.29%
Hinduism [b] 3,563 40.26% 8,189 46.19% 11,709 43.75% 17,413 47.81% 22 0% 163 0.02%
Sikhism 964 10.89% 2,168 12.23% 5,201 19.43% 5,920 16.25% — — 36 0%
Christianity 232 2.62% 403 2.27% 704 2.63% 998 2.74% 34,053 5.17% 48,781 4.64%
Jainism 5 0.06% 0 0% 1 0% 7 0.02% — — — —
Zoroastrianism 1 0.01% 0 0% 0 0% — — — — 2 0%
Buddhism 0 0% 1 0.01% 0 0% — — — — — —
Ahmadiyya — — — — — — — — 817 0.12% 434 0.04%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 22 0.06% 23 0% 53 0.01%
Total population 8,849 100% 17,728 100% 26,761 100% 36,420 100% 658,208 100% 1,050,707 100%

Economy

The majority of Sargodha's economy is based on agriculture. Sargodha is considered the best citrus-producing area of Pakistan and therefore is also known as the California of Pakistan.[40][41] Sargodha is largest kinnow-producing district of the world. It produces oranges that are considered high-quality, and supplies them to the different parts of the country. These oranges are also exported to other countries.[42] Sargodha produces a large amount of wheat, cotton, rice and vegetables that are transported to other parts of country and exported to other countries.

There are also textile mills, rice processing plants and Nestle and Shezan juice factories.

The Sargodha Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry and provincial government.[43] A dry port is also under construction in Sargodha.[44]

There are also several shopping malls and trade centres with both international and national outlets. Some of them include:[45]

Mall of Sargodha under construction
Burj Ismail Mall

The fifteen bazaars (markets) of Sargodha remain major trading zones in the city. Each of the fifteen bazaars has a particular name and is known for selling certain goods.[53][8]

  • The Model Bazaar contains food court, joyland and shops of grocery and garments.
  • The Urdu Bazaar contains shops of stationery and books.
  • The Kachehry Bazaar contains bakeries, street food restaurants and shops of shoes, garments and general stores.
  • The Amin Bazaar contains shops of fabrics, boutiques, garments and electric appliances.
  • The Muslim Bazaar contains sanitary items and motorcycle repair shops.
  • The Anarkali Bazaar contains shops of household items.
  • The Sarafa Bazaar contains gold and jewellery shops.
  • The Rail Bazaar contains fabric shops.
  • The Liaquat Bazaar provides shops for new bicycles and sports cycles.
  • The Faisal Bazar provides shops for spices, oil, meat and poultry.
  • The Karkhana Bazaar provides shops for crockery and cutlery products.
  • The Bans Bazaar supplies dairy and milk products.
  • The Kabaarhi Bazaar contains shops of brokers.
  • The Fruit Mandi is a fruit market.
  • The Sabzi Mandi is a vegetable, meat, fish and grocery market.

Administration

Divisional and District Administration

Sargodha is the capital of Sargodha Tehsil. As of October 2012, the division system in Punjab Province has been restored and Sargodha became the divisional headquarters of districts Sargodha, Khushab, Mianwali and Bhakkar. Sargodha became the administrative capital of the Sargodha Division, handling over a population of about 8.1 million.[31]

Local Government

The Municipal Committee, Sargodha city was upgraded into Municipal Corporation in 1981 when the population of city was increased over half a million.[54] In December 2019, Sargodha Municipal Corporation was upgraded into Metropolitan Corporation under Punjab Local Government Act, 2019.[55] Metropolitan Corporation Sargodha is currently headed by the Divisional commissioner[56] whereas the seat of mayor is vacant.

Sargodha Development Authority (SDA) was established by the government of Punjab[57] in 2017 which replaced the Sargodha Improvement Trust. SDA is responsible for new planned development in Sargodha. It also regulates and issues permits for new construction and housing projects, private houses, and commercial development.

Sargodha also has a Parks and Horticulture Authority (PHA) which maintains all the parks and horticulture in the city. Moreover, Sargodha Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) and Sargodha Waste Management Company (SWMC) are currently under planning phase.

Safe City Authority Project

In 2017, Sargodha was announced as one of six cities in Punjab whose security would be improved by the Punjab Safe Cities Authority. 5.5 billion Rupees were allocated for the project,[58] which was to be modeled along the lines of the Lahore Safe City project in which 8,000 CCTV cameras were installed throughout the city at a cost of 12 billion rupees to record and send images to Integrated Command and Control Centres.[59] In October 2024, the project was finally launched and in the project's first phase, the installation of cameras begin along the main roads of the city.[60]

Health

Main article: List of hospitals in Sargodha

Hospitals

Hospital[61] Type Location
Combined Military Hospital Army Sargodha Garrison
DHQ Teaching Hospital Public Mianwali Road
PAF Hospital Air force PAF Base Mushaf
Fauji Foundation Hospital Army Satellite Town A-Block
Halal-e-Ahmar Hospital Public Satellite Town B-Block
University Medical and Research Centre Public University of Sargodha

Education

Main Gate to University of Sargodha
PAF Public School

According to the census of 1998, the literacy rate of Sargodha was 67.8%, while in 2017 the literacy rate was recorded as 80.5%.[62] The city is considered the educational hub of Sargodha Division, handling a population of about 8.1 million.[31] Sargodha Division has its own Education Board for Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) Examinations. There are about four universities and numerous colleges of Medical Sciences, Law, IT, Commerce, Engineering and Intermediate Courses. Quaid-e- Azam Law College is famous for law education.

Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education

The Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education, Sargodha[63] handles the whole Sargodha Division. It was established in 1968 under the West Pakistan Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education (Multan and Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sargodha) Ordinance No. VII of 1968, with the jurisdiction of Sargodha and Rawalpindi Civil Divisions.

Educational institutes

Main article: List of educational institutes in Sargodha
Institute Type Location Established Website
University of Sargodha Public University Road 2002 [64]
University College of Agriculture Public Sargodha Bypass near Jhal Chakian 2002
University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus Private Lahore Road 2002 [65]
University of Central Punjab, Sargodha Campus Private Lahore Road 2002 [66]
Sargodha Medical College Public Faisalabad Road 2006 [67]
Army Public College Army Mianwali Road 1975
PAF College Air force PAF Base Mushaf 1953 [68]
Cornelius Law College Private Fatima Jinnah Road 2015 [69]
Quaid-e-Azam Law College Private Lahore Road 1998 [70]
Punjab College of Science Private Khayaban-e-Sadiq (Main Campus) 1985 [71]
The Superior College Private Satellite Town A-Block 2000 [72]
Dar-e-Arqam College Private Satellite Town A-Block 2002 [73]
Sargodha Institute of Technology University Road 1927
American Lycetuff School Private Queens Road 1996
Root Millennium School Private Queens Road 1988 [74]
Beaconhouse School System Private University Road 1975 [75]
The City School Private Queens Road 1978 [76]
Lahore Grammar School Private Mushaf Ali Mir Road 1979
Army Public School Army Mianwali Road 1975
Fauji Foundation School Army Civil Lines 1954 [77]
Allied School Private Main Garden Town Road 1985 [78]
KIPS Academy Private Satellite Town A-Block 1992 [79]

Transportation

Road

Roads and flyovers

The 4 km (2.5 mi) long University Road runs from 47 Pull to Khayyam Chowk. Other main roads include 6 km (3.7 mi) long Fatima Jinnah Road & City Road, Canal Road, Katchery Road, Stadium Road, Club Road, Jail Road, Queens Road, Mushaf Ali Mir Road, Railway Road, Lahore Road, Faisalabad Road, Eid Gah Road, Mianwali Road, Sillanwali Road, Bhalwal Road, and Shaheenabad Road.

There are 3 flyovers located in the city area to regulate the flow of traffic:

  • Khayyam Chowk's flyover has a length of 1 km (0.62 mi) that leads to Mianwali Road.
  • Fatima Jinnah Road's flyover also has a length of 1 km (0.62 mi).
  • A 0.4 km (0.25 mi) long flyover is located on Kachehry Road.

Motorways and highways

Motorway M2 exit to Sargodha

Sargodha lies about 45 km (28 mi) from the M-2 Motorway, which connects Lahore and Islamabad. The N-60 National Highway runs from Sargodha to Lahore through Pindi Bhattian and Sheikhupura. It is also connected to Faisalabad by a highway.[80]

Buses

General Bus Stand is located on Fatima Jinnah Road that provides bus service from Sargodha to almost every part of the country. Daewoo Bus Service drives regular routes from Sargodha to the rest of the country.[81] Others include Niazi Express, Faisal Movers, Bilal Travels, Islamabad Express and Skyways etc.

Taxi and rickshaws

The online cab services Uber and Careem[82] are available in the city. Many auto rickshaws are also available throughout the city, which are often used by those who cannot afford the cab services.

Rail

Sargodha Junction railway station

Sargodha is also connected by the rest of the country through the rail.[83] Sargodha Junction railway station is located on Shorkot-Lala Musa branch railway line. Hazara Express, Millat Express, Sandal Express and Sargodha Express provide daily transport to Rawalpindi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Karachi and other major cities.

Air base

Pakistan's largest airbase, PAF Base Mushaf (formerly PAF Base Sargodha), is situated in Sargodha and hosts the headquarters of the Pakistan Air Force's Central Air Command. The airbase is also home to the Combat Commanders School (CCS), formerly the Fighter Leader's School.[84]

Recreation

Points of interest

  • Lake of Kirana Hills
    Lake of Kirana Hills
  • Antique fighter jet mounted at Company Bagh
    Antique fighter jet mounted at Company Bagh
  • Centre point of famous Company Bagh
    Centre point of famous Company Bagh

Kirana Hills

The Kirana Hills are a small and extensive rocky mountain range located in Sargodha.[85][86][87][88] They are a commonly-visited tourist attraction in Sargodha City. Locally known as the Black Mountains[89] due to their brownish landscape, their highest peak is about 980 feet (300 m).[90]

Jinnah Hall

Jinnah Hall is a historical landmark in Sargodha.[91] Jinnah Hall was built in 1949. It was named for Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah Hall was originally built as a town hall and library in Company Bagh, Sargodha; now it is currently used as an exhibition hall, event space, and library.

Sports

Sargodha Astroturf Hockey Stadium

Sargodha is home to the Sargodha Cricket Stadium.[92] Sargodha's cricket team was a first-class cricket team that represented Sargodha Division. They competed in Pakistan's first-class tournaments in 1961–62 and 2002–03. There's a sports complex adjacent to the stadium that includes gym as well as basketball, badminton and table tennis courts. Moreover, karate classes also take place regularly at the complex.[citation needed]

Mela Mandi Ground is a multi-use historic stadium in Sargodha. It is mostly used for cricket and football.[93] The Mela Mandi Ground was constructed to provide a vast ground for outdoor sports and activities. During March, every year (the country's spring season), several competitions are held here. Almost all Pakistani people watch these annual games.[94]

Sargodha is also home to Sargodha Astroturf Hockey Stadium, located near Mela Mandi Ground. It is home to the Sargodha District Hockey Team, and provides a reliable platform for the city's youth.[95] Galaxy Sports Complex is a renowned Sports Academy of the city.[96]

A flood-lit football ground is under construction in Company Bagh, Sargodha.

Food and drink

  • Food Street on Stadium Road, Sargodha
    Food Street on Stadium Road, Sargodha
  • A local restaurant in Sargodha
    A local restaurant in Sargodha
  • A McDonald's outlet in Sargodha
    A McDonald's outlet in Sargodha
  • KFC outlet, University Road, Sargodha
    KFC outlet, University Road, Sargodha

Traditional food and drink

The cuisine of Sargodha is similar to that of other regions of South Asia, with some of it originating from the royal kitchens of 16th-century Mughal emperors.[97] Most of those dishes have their roots in British, Indian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine.[98] Pakistani cooking uses large quantities of spices, herbs, and seasoning. Garlic, ginger, turmeric, red chili, and garam masala are used in most dishes, and home cooking regularly includes curry. Roti, a thin flatbread made from wheat, is a staple food, usually served with curry, meat, vegetables, and lentils. Rice is also common; it is served plain, fried with spices, and in sweet dishes.[99][100][101]

Lassi is a traditional drink in Punjab, including Sargodha. Black tea with milk and sugar is also popular throughout the city and is consumed daily by most of the population.[102][103]

Fast food

Fast food is also very popular across the city. Along with local fast food restaurants, there are also several international fast food outlets in the city, including KFC,[104] McDonald's, Subway and Domino's.[105] The world's biggest Gloria Jean's store is also located in Sargodha.

Awards

In 1966, the Government of Pakistan awarded a special flag, the Hilal-e-Istaqlal to Sargodha (also to Lahore and Sialkot) for showing severe resistance to the enemy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 as these cities were targets of the Indian advance.[106] Every year on Defence Day (6 September), this flag is hoisted in these cities in recognition of the will, courage and perseverance of their people.[107]

Notable people

Notes

  1. ^ 1911-2023: Data for the entirety of the town of Sargodha, which included Sargodha Municipality.[32]: 32 

    2017-2023: Urban population of Sargodha Tehsil.
  2. ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis

References

  1. ^ "Sargodha Division". getamap.net.
  2. ^ a b "Sargodha- The City of Eagles". Daily The Patriot (newspaper). 29 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Pakistan's California has some ways to grow". The Express Tribune. 3 February 2019.
  4. ^ "Sargodha | Pakistan". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  5. ^ "Administrators' appointments planned as Punjab LG system dissolves today". The Nation (newspaper). 31 December 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Sargodha commissioner orders survey of open manholes". The Nation. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  7. ^ "Governor establishes local govt in Punjab". 18 January 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "Sargodha, Pakistan on the Elevation Map. Topographic Map of Sargodha, Pakistan". elevationmap.net. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  10. ^ http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/SARGODHA_BLOCKWISE.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  11. ^ https://www.citypopulation.de/en/pakistan/cities/punjab/
  12. ^ "Pakistan Post Office Department". Archived from the original on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  13. ^ "National Dialing Codes". Ptcl.com.pk. Archived from the original on 9 November 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  14. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ "Pakistan: Provinces and Major Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". Citypopulation.de.
  16. ^ "Commercial Real Estate Property in Sargodha Pakistan". Ghar47. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  17. ^ a b "District Website". sargodha.dc.lhc.gov.pk.
  18. ^ Masud, Tariq (1989). Pakistan: a historical and cultural panorama. Al-Waqar Publishers. ISBN 9789698054021.
  19. ^ Cell, J.W. (2002). Hailey: A Study in British Imperialism, 1872–1969. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52117-8. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  20. ^ a b "District Website". Lhc.gov.pk.
  21. ^ "Our History | District Sargodha". sargodha.punjab.gov.pk. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  22. ^ Ltd, rome2rio Pty. "Karachi to Sargodha - 5 ways to travel via train, plane, taxi, bus, and car". Rome2rio.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ a b "Distance from Lahore to Sargodha". www.distancecalculator.net.
  24. ^ "Road Map from Sargodha to Islamabad".
  25. ^ a b "Sargodha — Faisalabad, distance between cities (km, mi), Driving directions, road".
  26. ^ "Distance from Rawalpindi to Sargodha". www.distancecalculator.net.
  27. ^ "District at Glance". sargodha.gop.pk. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015.
  28. ^ "Where is Sargodha, Pakistan?". WorldAtlas.com. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  29. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Sarghoda". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  30. ^ "Population size and growth of major cities" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 1998.
  31. ^ a b c "DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017" (PDF). pbscensus.gov.pk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  32. ^ a b "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  33. ^ Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911). "Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables". Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393779. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  34. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  35. ^ "Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR saoa.crl.25394121. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  36. ^ "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  37. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  38. ^ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  39. ^ "7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results Table-9 Population by sex, religion and rural/urban". Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  40. ^ "Welcome to SU | University of Sargodha". su.edu.pk. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  41. ^ "Pakistan's California has some ways to grow". The Express Tribune. 3 February 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  42. ^ Ijaz, Saman. "Orange Economy of Sargodha" – via www.academia.edu. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  43. ^ "Sargodha Chamber Of Commerce and Industry - Home". www.scci.pk.
  44. ^ "Dry port to be established in Sargodha". The Express Tribune. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  45. ^ "Mall Of Sargodha". www.mallofsargodha.com.
  46. ^ "Mall Of Sargodha". www.mallofsargodha.com. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  47. ^ "Burj Ismail Shopping Mall Sargodha".
  48. ^ "About us – Xinhua Mall".
  49. ^ "Chenone Tower - EveryThing.PK (A Place for EveryThing) - Pakistan".
  50. ^ "Burj Huraira sargodha | Pakistan Places".
  51. ^ "Al-Rehman Trade Centre الرحمان ٹریڈ سنٹر sargodha | Pakistan Places". Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  52. ^ "Toheed Mall sargodha | Pakistan Places".
  53. ^ "Sargodha | Model Bazaar". pmbmc.punjab.gov.pk.
  54. ^ "tmasargodha.lgpunjab.org.pk - /". tmasargodha.lgpunjab.org.pk.
  55. ^ Khan, Iftikhar A. (27 December 2019). "Every fourth district in Punjab to have a metropolitan corporation". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  56. ^ "Governor establishes local govt in Punjab". The Express Tribune. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  57. ^ Niazi, Sajjad Abbass (10 March 2017). "Sargodha Development Authority gets approval from Punjab govt". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  58. ^ "After Lahore, six others to become 'safer cities'". The Express Tribune. 19 February 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  59. ^ Reporter, The Newspaper's Staff (12 October 2016). "Punjab Safe City Project inaugurated". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  60. ^ APP (22 October 2024). "Safe city project launched in Sargodha". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  61. ^ "Best Hospitals In Sargodha | Doctors Lists, Addresses And Contact Info - Marham". www.marham.pk.
  62. ^ https://www.urbanunit.gov.pk › ...PDF Sargodha City Profile – The Urban Unit
  63. ^ "BISE SARGODHA". www.bisesargodha.edu.pk.
  64. ^ "University of Sargodha". University of Sargodha.
  65. ^ https://www.uol.edu.pk/about-us [bare URL]
  66. ^ "University of Central Punjab | UCP".
  67. ^ "Sargodha Medical College". University of Sargodha.
  68. ^ www.pafcollegesargodha.com
  69. ^ "University of the Punjab- Affiliated Colleges - Cornelius-Law-College-Lahore-Road-Sargodha". pu.edu.pk.
  70. ^ "Sargodha Campus | Quaid-e-Azam Law College". qlc.edu.pk.
  71. ^ "About PGC - Punjab Group of Colleges". Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  72. ^ "SARGODHA | Superior Group Of Colleges".
  73. ^ "Home » Dar-e-Arqam Schools". www.das.edu.pk.
  74. ^ "About Roots Millennium Schools". Retrieved on 26 February 2015.
  75. ^ www.beaconhouse.net
  76. ^ "Welcome to The City School". The City School Pakistan.
  77. ^ www.fauji.org.pk
  78. ^ "Allied School | A Project of the Largest Educational Network of Pakistan".
  79. ^ "KIPS". kips.edu.pk.
  80. ^ "Dualization of Faisalabad Chiniot Sargodha Road | PPP". ppp.punjab.gov.pk. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  81. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  82. ^ "Careem Cities Across the Region – See Where We Operate". www.careem.com. Retrieved 22 April 2022.[permanent dead link‍]
  83. ^ "Pakistan Railway Time Table". railpk.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  84. ^ "About Sargodha". glowpakistan.com.
  85. ^ (Mahajan 2009, pp. 100–110)
  86. ^ (Ali 2002, pp. 25–26)
  87. ^ (Smith 2007, pp. 92–93)
  88. ^ Wikimaps. "Kirana Hills". Wikimapia.org. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  89. ^ DoE&ES, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (2012). "Special report: Field report on Kirana Hills" (.net). Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Bahria University Press. p. 33. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  90. ^ (DoE&ES 2012, pp. 4–5)
  91. ^ "Google Maps". Google.com. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  92. ^ "Sports Stadium | Pakistan | Cricket Grounds | ESPNcricinfo.com". Cricinfo. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  93. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps.
  94. ^ "Cheap flights to Sargodha". Flighthub.com.
  95. ^ "Trials For Hockey Team Selection At Astroturf Hockey Stadium Sargodha". UrduPoint. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  96. ^ "Galaxy ground - Sargodha". wikimapia.org.
  97. ^ Goodwin, William (2002). Pakistan. Lucent Books. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-59018-218-5. Pakistani food is similar to that of northern India, with a splash of Middle Eastern influence derived from other Muslim cultures over the centuries.
  98. ^ Lee, Jonathan H.X.; Nadeau, Kathleen M. (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 973. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5. Pakistani cuisine—a fusion of Central Asian, Middle Eastern, Persian, and Indian traditions—is known for being spicy and for its aromatic and flavorful richness.
  99. ^ Yasmeen Niaz Mohiuddin (2006). Pakistan: a global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO. pp. 3, 317, 323–324. ISBN 978-1-85109-801-9.
  100. ^ Kathleen W. Deady (2001). Countries of the world :Pakistan. Capstone Press. pp. 13–15. ISBN 978-0-7368-0815-6.
  101. ^ American Geriatrics Society. Ethnogeriatrics Committee (2006). Doorway thoughts: cross-cultural health care for older adults. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-0-7637-4355-0.
  102. ^ Sarina Singh; Lindsay Brow; Paul Clammer; Rodney Cocks; John Mock (2008). Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway. Lonely Planet. pp. 60, 128, 376. ISBN 978-1-74104-542-0.
  103. ^ Tarla Dalal (2007). Punjabi Khana. Sanjay & Co. p. 8. ISBN 978-81-89491-54-3.
  104. ^ "Location". KFC. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  105. ^ "McDonald's".
  106. ^ "Commemorating Sept 1965: Nation celebrates Defence Day with fervour". The Express Tribune. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  107. ^ "Defence Day celebrated with renewed pledges". DAWN.COM. 7 September 2002. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  108. ^ {T.E. Koshy, Bakht Singh of India, 2007}
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sargodha&oldid=1258376138"